To put it simply: a link is a vote.
Every link pointing to your site from another website tells the search engines
that the other site finds your resource valuable and thus, the engines read
this as a vote for your site. So it must be about getting tons of links and
you're done right? Wrong. This is incorrect as ...
Not All Votes Are Created Equal
Unlike your own vote in an election,
some votes are worth more than others and some votes are worth SIGNIFICANTLY
more than yours .The basic factors that affect a link's value to your website
are: The site strength, Relevance, Anchor text, Position
The site strength - the strength of the site that is pointing to yours is a
significant (and historically abused) factor in the valuation of links. In the
absence of other easily-visible criteria let's look at PageRank as a key
valuation of a site's strength. If a site with a PageRank 8 links to your site,
this vote is worth significantly more than a link from a PageRank 3 site. This
is because a PageRank 8 site is, in Google's eyes, a more important site than
the PageRank 3 site.
Relevance - the relevance of a site linking to
you is, if anything, more important than a site's strength. If you run a bed a
breakfast in Utah a link from a PageRank 3 bed and breakfast will be worth more
than a link from a PageRank 5 web design site. This area is a bit grey in that
it relies on the engine's ability to determine what is relevant and what is not
however we've seen evidence that this area is strong at this stage in the game
and is only becoming more important over time.
Anchor text - the actual text used to link to your site is extremely
important. I've seen extremely strong sites get beaten out by weak ones simply
due to the poor use of anchor test. If you're building links to your site be
sure to include your keywords in the text that links back and, if possible, the
exact phrase you are trying to rank for. At the same time, you can't make all
your anchor text exactly the same - how can that possibly look natural?
Position - the position of a link on a page and the number of other
links on that page impacts the value of a link. A link in the footer of a page
is given less weight than a link near the top, a link in the content of a page
is given more weight than a link in a list of links and a link on a page with
50 other links is given less weight than a link on a page with only a few other
links. If we think about it - this makes sense. All of these things indicate
whether the site with the outbound links actually intends for one of their
visitors to click the link or not. From an engine's perspective - the more it
appears that a site wants a link to be clicked on, the higher the weight that
link (or vote) is given.
Admittedly there are a number of
other factors but this is a beginner’s guide. Following the considerations
above will insure that as you make each link decision - you're odds of making
the right choices will be significantly higher than if you ignore them.
Ignoring them may not get you penalized or banned but it will make your task
far more time consuming as you secure less valuable links and thus need to
build far more than following the right methods.